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Standard Deduction

The standard deduction is a set dollar amount that reduces your taxable income. It is an alternative to itemizing individual deductions. For 2025, the amounts are $15,750 (single), $31,500 (married filing jointly), $15,750 (married filing separately), and $23,625 (head of household). The IRS adjusts these annually for inflation.

Example

A married couple filing jointly with $120,000 gross income subtracts the $31,500 standard deduction, leaving $88,500 in taxable income.

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Income Tax Brackets

The U.S. federal income tax uses seven progressive brackets with rates from 10% to 37%. Each bracket rate only applies to the income within that range — not to your entire income.